Nearly Half Of Americans Have High Blood Pressure, High Cholesterol, Or Diabetes.

Can you believe that?! I just read that statistic in an article this morning. The truth can sometimes be scary and this is definitely one of those times! The Los Angeles Times reports that "1 in 8 Americans has at least two of the conditions and 1 in 33 has all three."

The article on WebMD summarized a new study published by the CDC. Here are some highlights from the study: "It is well know that high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and diabetes all increase the risk for cardiovascular disease, a condition that affects more than 81 million Americans and accounts for one out of every three deaths in the US. What is less known is the co-existence of these three conditions based on race/ethnicity, as well as the prevalence of diagnosed vs. undiagnosed high blood pressure, cholesterol, and diabetes among these groups. The study shows that about 8% of adults have undiagnosed high blood pressure, 8% have undiagnosed high cholesterol, and 3% have undiagnosed diabetes."

So now you may ask ok, so Dr. Fraser is an optometrist; why so much information on systemic diseases? Well all three of the diseases mentioned above if uncontrolled or untreated can show up in the eye and can in the most severe cases lead to blindness. Yes...blindness!

Some of you may know that my undergraduate degree is in Health Science (public health degree from the greatest university in the country...CLEMSON of course)! Because of this background, my passion is educating friends, family members and patients on the importance of healthy living and how that impacts eye health.

Let's start with Diabetes. According to an article I read on WebMD an estimated 18 million Americans have diagnosed Diabetes and another 5.7 million Americans are walking around with undiagnosed diabetes. Pretty astounding numbers isn't it? I thought so; although I can't say that I am surprised with the way Americans live today! Diabetes is a disease that interferes with the body's ability to use and store sugar, which can cause many health problems. Too much sugar in the blood can cause damage throughout the body, including eyes. Over time, diabetes affects the circulatory system of the retina. The tiny blood vessels that line the back of the eye can become leaky and new blood vessels can grow where they should not be growing. Trust me, you don't want this happening to your eyes!

Let's move on to high cholesterol. The same article reported more than 102 million US adults have elevated cholesterol levels--meaning a total blood cholesterol measurement of 200mg/dL or higher--and 35.7 million among this group have cholesterol levels 240 mg/dL or high and considered high risk. Tiny plaques can be observed in the blood vessels that line the back of the eyes in patients with hypercholesterolemia (high cholesterol).

Finally let's address hypertension (high blood pressure). High blood pressure accounted for more than 56,000 deaths in the US in 2006; and about 74.5 million people age 20 and older have high blood pressure. So again, we see here that a large number of Americans are living with this disease as well. Hypertension is dangerous because it makes the heart work harder to pump blood to the body and it contributes to hardening of the arteries (atherosclerosis) and the development of heart failure. As an optometrist, I have the ability to detect uncontrolled or undiagnosed hypertension if it is affecting the eyes. Most often we will see changes to the blood vessels that line the back of the eyes.

So as you can see keeping your body healthy is good for so many reasons, one being eye health! I hope this entry has been helpful Please don't hesitate to ask questions. I would love to hear from you. Thanks for reading!

Keeping an Eye on You,

Betsy W. Fraser, O.D.

Do you like to see how long you can make your contact lenses last?

If you answered yes, the picture shown here is why your eye care professional may scold you. I know, I know, I should have warned you about the photo. This is a mean corneal ulcer that can be caused by guess what? Over wearing your contact lenses!

In today's economy, we are all trying to save money somewhere right? I get that, but trust me trying to stretch out your contact lens supply is NOT the way to do it!

With so many different kinds of contact lenses out there and with several modality options, it is important for you to know what type you are wearing. The most common modalities are two week disposable lenses, monthly disposable lenses and daily disposable lenses. The two week lenses (ex. ALL Acuvue products are two weeks) and the monthly lenses (example Air Optix or Focus) can be broken down a little further. Some of those lenses can be worn on an extended basis (over night) and some cannot. This is another important distinction to make: are your lenses approved to be worn on an extended wear basis? When I say approved, I mean approved by the FDA, yes that is right, the FDA. If you don't know the answer to this question, I can help you! Just ask.

Now let's talk a little bit about what can happen to your eyes if you are wearing your contacts too long. One of the main issues is the fact that anytime you have a medical device (a contact lens is considered to be a medical device) on your eye, you are decreasing the amount of oxygen that is getting to the cornea.Your cornea, which is the clear part of the eye (where the contact lens sits) is a very unique tissue. It is unique in the sense that there is no blood supply. When the brain senses that there is not enough oxygen getting to the cornea, it will stimulate the production of new blood vessels to deliver oxygen to the cornea. This is called corneal neovascularization. A big word that really just means new blood vessel growth. This is bad because corneal neovascularization can cause scarring and lead to permanent vision loss (in severe cases).

The longer you keep those contact lenses on, the higher your chance for developing neovascularization. It doesn't stop there either! Think about it, sleeping in your lenses night after night, wearing them continuously day after day without removing them is creating a breeding ground for bacteria. Nice thought right? As you can see from the picture, it's not a pretty site either! Bacteria can get trapped underneath the contact lens and will essentially start eating their way through the cornea leaving a very painful ulcer. This can cause vision loss in some patients. It really depends on the severity and the location of the ulcer.

Have I made you think a little? My goal here is not to scare you away from contact lenses; they are great when worn as recommended by your eye care professional. In fact, I have mine on right now. We really aren't trying to be the bad guys. We just want to prevent your eyes from looking like the one in the picture shown here!

Thanks for reading!

Keeping an Eye You,

Betsy W. Fraser, O.D.

Kale...what is it?

It may seem like it is a new buzz word. Kale is becoming increasingly more popular! Ok, so let's get to it. One of my favorite sites happens to be Wikipedia. According to Wikipedia, Kale or borecole is a form of cabbage (Brassica oleracea Acephala Group), green or purple, in which the central leaves do not form a head.

Kale is considered to be highly nutritious with powerful antioxidant properties. It is also considered to be an anti-inflammatory. In the eye world, we have always educated our patients on the importance of green, leafy vegetables, including, spinach, kale and collard greens. Boy am I glad that the word is getting out! I know this because now my favorite salad bar (Whole Foods) has kale as an option. It is always mixed with a "garlicky" dressing that just tastes delicious! You can buy kale at most grocery stores near the lettuce section. At Publix, where I tend to shop the most, I buy it bagged and it can be found next to bagged collard greens.

Kale is very high in beta-carotene, vitamin K, vitamin C, lutein and zeaxanthin as well as rich in Calcium. Even if you don't know much about nutrition, you can see that this green leafy veggie is packed full of essential nutrients needed in our diet everyday! Let's go a little deeper:

-Beta carotene: It can be converted into vitamin A which serves a vital role in eye health. Beta carotene can be found in, yep you guessed it...carrots! But it can also be found in mangoes, papayas, sweet potatoes, kale (of course), spinach and collard greens.

-Vitamin K: Because of kale's high vitamin K content, patients taking anticoagulants such as warfarin are encouraged to avoid this food since it increases vitamin K's concentration in the blood, which is what the drugs are often trying to lower. Please consult your physician if you are taking any of these medications before adding kale to your diet.

-Vitamin C: We all know that vitamin C is essential to our daily diet. Ascorbic Acid (which is another name for Vitamin C) is necessary for collagen to form in bones, cartilage, muscle and blood vessels. Sources include fruits and vegetables, particularly citrus fruits such as oranges.

-Lutein and Zeaxanthin: They are both important for eye health. Studies have suggested that supplementing with both may lower one's risk for developing macular degeneration as well as cataracts. Sources include those green leafy vegetables I keep talking about; kale, spinach and collard greens.

-Calcium: We all know that calcium is important for bone health and strength. Now you can add kale to you diet knowing that it is providing you with extra calcium!

I found it to be interesting that kale freezes very well and actually has a sweeter flavor after being frozen. I love to add fresh kale to other mixed greens in all of my salads as well as use kale in all of my soup recipes.

Hopefully now you have a better understanding of what kale is and how it can be used. Happy cooking!

Keeping an eye on you,

Betsy W. Fraser, O.D.

Sources included: www.mayoclinic.com and wikipedia.org

Zinc: What you need to know about it!

Good Afternoon All,

This is my first blog post! I know, I know, it may not be a big deal to you, but to me--a technologically challenged individual, this is a big deal!

I am an associate optometrist at Family Vision Care in Mount Pleasant, SC. At our practice, we are dedicated to providing our patients with the highest quality eye care. But in addition, we want to keep our patients informed and up to date on nutrition and how one's diet can affect the health of his/her eyes. Research suggests that more than 40 vitamins, minerals and antioxidants are required on a daily basis for optimal health and disease prevention. So here goes...

I just read an article in an optometric magazine that discussed the importance of zinc and why it should be incorporated into your daily diet. Zinc is actually an essential trace mineral that helps reduce the number of free radicals in the human body. What is a free radical you ask? According to Answers.com, a free radical is defined as an atom or group of atoms that has at least one unpaired electron and is therefore unstable and highly reactive. In animal tissues, free radicals can damage cells and are believed to accelerate the progression of cancer, cardiovascular disease, and age-related diseases.

In addtion, zinc is vital in helping your body absorb Vitamin A and transport the Vitamin A from the liver to the retina. Vitamin A plays an important role in producing melanin, which is a protective pigment in the eyes. Because of this, it is actually fair to say that zinc plays a role in preventing nyctalopia (night blindness).

It has also been suggested that zinc can reduce the risk of Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AREDS study). In addition, supplementing with zinc could help prevent cataract formation (Blue Mountains Eye Study, Beaver Dam Eye Study).

So, as you can see, consumption of daily zinc is very important for the health of your eyes! Zinc is found in red meat, poultry, oysters, fortified breakfast cereals, nuts, baked beans, milk, and of course in multivitamin/mineral supplements. Keep in mind that high doses of zinc may cause stomach upset. The recommended dietary allowance (RDA) is 11 mg for men and 8mg for women.

Now you are thinking...ok great information, but what can I make for dinner that will be a good source of Zinc? Try an old favorite of one of MY favorites, (Ms. Julia Child)...Beef Bourguinon. Bon Appetit!

Much more to come on nutrition and the role it plays in keeping you and your eyes healthy! Thanks for reading.

Keeping an Eye on You,

Betsy W. Fraser, O.D.

Sources include: Review of Optometry (March), American Optometric Association, and The Optometric Nutrition Society